![]() There is no intermediate status nobody in enemy hands can be outside the law. The International Committee of the Red Cross 1958 Commentary on 1949 Geneva Convention IV Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War states: "Every person in enemy hands must have some status under international law: he is either a prisoner of war and, as such, covered by the Third Convention, a civilian covered by the Fourth Convention, or again, a member of the medical personnel of the armed forces who is covered by the First Convention. The term "non-combatant" now refers to people in general who are not taking part of hostilities in time of war, rather than just civilians. Civilian is believed to have been used to refer to non-combatants as early as 1829. ![]() The word "civilian" goes back to the late 14th century and is from Old French civilien.
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